28273200 Polyaluminium

The HS code 28273200 corresponds to polyaluminium chloride (PAC), a versatile inorganic polymer widely used in water treatment, industrial processes, and various manufacturing sectors. Below is a detailed breakdown of its uses and application scope:

Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is a polymeric coagulant with the general formula [Al₂(OH)ₙCl₆ₙ]ₘ (where n = 1–5 and m ≤ 10). Its key properties include:

• High positive charge density, enabling effective particle aggregation (flocculation).
• Adaptability to varying pH ranges (typically 5–9), making it more efficient than traditional aluminum salts like alum (Al₂(SO₄)₃).
• Formation of large, dense flocs that settle rapidly, improving water clarification efficiency.

1. Water Treatment (Largest Application)
PAC is critical in both potable water and wastewater treatment due to its superior coagulation performance:

• Municipal Water Treatment:
• Removes suspended solids, colloids, organic matter, and 色度 (color) from raw water (e.g., rivers, lakes).
• Reduces turbidity to meet drinking water standards (e.g., <1 NTU).
• Used in conjunction with flocculants (e.g., polyacrylamides) for enhanced sedimentation.
• Industrial Wastewater Treatment:
• Treats effluents from industries such as:
• Mining: Removes heavy metals (e.g., iron, manganese) and suspended solids from mine drainage.
• Food & Beverage: Clarifies wastewater containing oils, fats, and proteins.
• Textiles/Paper: Neutralizes dyes, pigments, and colloidal particles.
• Petrochemicals: Removes emulsified oils and solids from refinery wastewater.
• Seawater Desalination: Pre-treats seawater to reduce organic fouling in reverse osmosis (RO) membranes.

2. Paper and Pulp Industry

• Papermaking:
• Acts as a retention aid to improve the retention of fines (small fibers) and fillers (e.g., calcium carbonate) in the papermaking process.
• Reduces water usage and enhances paper strength and brightness.
• Pulp Bleaching: Neutralizes residual chlorine and improves the efficiency of bleaching agents.

3. Industrial Processes

• Oil and Gas Industry:
• Clears drilling fluids of solids and stabilizes mud properties.
• Treats produced water (wastewater from oil extraction) to meet discharge or reuse standards.
• Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics:
• Used in the production of certain pharmaceuticals as a coagulant for separating biological materials (e.g., in fermentation processes).
• Rarely in cosmetics due to strict purity requirements, but may appear in specialized formulations (e.g., deodorants as an aluminum-based astringent).

4. Agriculture and Aquaculture

• Irrigation Water Treatment: Clears turbid irrigation water to prevent clogging of drip systems and reduce microbial contamination.
• Aquaculture Ponds: Controls algae blooms and improves water clarity by removing suspended organic matter, enhancing oxygen levels for fish and shrimp.
• Animal Waste Treatment: Coagulates livestock manure wastewater to reduce pollutants before land application or discharge.

5. Other Niche Applications

• Dye and Pigment Industry: Used to precipitate and recover valuable dyes from wastewater, enabling recycling.
• Ceramics: Stabilizes ceramic slurries by adjusting pH and reducing particle aggregation, improving casting consistency.
• Metal Finishing: Treats acidic or alkaline wastewater from electroplating processes, removing heavy metals (e.g., copper, nickel) as insoluble hydroxides.

Standards:Food-grade PAC (for potable water treatment) must comply with strict purity standards, e.g.,

US EPA/NSF 60 (USA) for drinking water additives.

EN 883 (EU) for chemicals used in water treatment.

Industrial-grade PAC may have lower purity but higher aluminum content (e.g., 28–32% Al₂O₃) for cost efficiency.

Environmental Impact:

PAC generates less sludge compared to traditional alum, reducing disposal costs and environmental footprint.

Must be handled with care to avoid aluminum accumulation in ecosystems (though PAC's polymeric structure reduces bioavailability compared to monomeric aluminum salts).

• Growing Demand: Driven by stricter water quality regulations (e.g., in emerging economies) and the need for efficient, low-sludge coagulants.
• Advantages Over Traditional Coagulants:
• Faster floc formation and better performance at low temperatures.
• Lower dosage requirements, reducing chemical costs and sludge volume.
• Broader pH applicability, minimizing the need for pH adjustment in treatment processes.

HS 28273200 (polyaluminium chloride) is a cornerstone in modern water management and industrial operations, valued for its efficiency in clarifying liquids and optimizing processes. Its applications span from safeguarding global drinking water supplies to enhancing industrial productivity, with ongoing innovations driving its use in emerging environmental and technological solutions.

Hot Tags: 28273200 polyaluminium, China 28273200 polyaluminium manufacturers, suppliers, factory, poly aluminium